python数据类型定义及其特点
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Python中的数据类型
1、什么是数据类型
对程序处理的数据进行分类,书籍类型是针对具体的字面量,而不是变量名称。
2、为什么产生数据类型
- 区分存储的空间,根据不同数据类型分配不同存储空间。
- 方便程序根据不同数据类型的特性做不同处理。
3、python中的数据类型
##### 首先掌握==判断数据类型==的方法
# 不认为子类是父类类型
type(x)
# 认为子类是父类类型
isinstance(x,y)
type(x)
不认为子类是父类类型,isinstance(x,y)
反之。
3.1 Number
int整型
num1 = 20;
num2 = 22079967899098770876;
float浮点型
num3 = 3.1415926;
num4 = 2.5e2;
num5 = 25e1;
complex复数 complex(a,b)
num6 = 3.0+1.3j;
bool布尔型
num7 = True;
num8 = False;
注意:bool类型是int的子类型。
num1 = 1;
num7 = True;
print(isinstance(num7,type(num1)));
print(type(num1) is type(num7));
结果:
True
False
3.2 字符串
str1 = "123";
str2 = "True";
str3 = "hello\n"
str4 = "hello\\n"
str5 = "https://www.lcbbs.org/"
打印结果:
123
True
hello
hello\n
https://www.lcbbs.org/
3.3 列表
list1 = ['Google', 1998, 2022, ['IE',1,2],(1,2,3)];
list2 = [1, {2,3,3,3,3,4} ,{"name":"yueyue","age":20}];
print ("list1: ", list1)
print ("list2: ", list2)
打印结果:
list1: ['Google', 1998, 2022, ['IE', 1, 2], (1, 2, 3)]
list2: [1,{2, 3, 4}, {'name': 'yueyue', 'age': 20}]
3.4元组
tup1 = ('Google', 1998, 2022, ['IE',1,2],(1,2,3));
tup2 = (1, {2,3,3,3,3,4} ,{"name":"yueyue","age":20});
tup3 = (1,);
tup4 = "a", "b", "c", "d"; # 不需括号也可以
print ("tup1: ", tup1)
print ("tup2: ", tup2)
print ("tup3: ", tup3)
print ("tup4: ", tup4)
打印结果
tup1: ('Google', 1998, 2022, ['IE', 1, 2], (1, 2, 3))
tup2: (1, {2, 3, 4}, {'name': 'yueyue', 'age': 20})
tup3: (1,)
tup4: ('a', 'b', 'c', 'd')
注意:元组里面可以嵌套各种序列。其中列表,字典,还是可变的。
3.5 字典
person1 = {"name":"yueyue","age":20,"sex":"女","hobby":["climb","paint","read"],"weight":{98,98,98}}
cat = {"name":"小花脸","age":3,"sex":"女","hobby":("eat","sleep","play with yueyue")}
print ("person1: ", person1)
print ("cat: ", cat)
打印结果
person1: {'name': 'yueyue', 'age': 20, 'sex': '女', 'hobby': ['climb', 'paint', 'read'], 'weight': {98}}
cat: {'name': '小花脸', 'age': 3, 'sex': '女', 'hobby': ('eat', 'sleep', 'play with yueyue')}
注意:字典==不==能使用==可变类型==的对象作为==键==。
3.6 集合
set1 = {1,2,3,4,5,5,5,5,5};
set2 = {"apple","apple","banbana","orange"};
set3 = {"apple","apple","banbana","orange",2,3,4,5,5,5,5,5}
print ("set1: ", set1)
print ("set2: ", set2)
print ("set3: ", set3)
打印结果
set1: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
set2: {'orange', 'apple', 'banbana'}
set3: {'orange', 2, 3, 4, 5, 'apple', 'banbana'}
注意:
集合具有去重功能。
集合内的元素没有固定顺序
新建一个空集合需要用到set(),而不是{}。
set1 = set();
set2 = {};
print ("set1: ", set1)
print ("set2: ", set2)
print(type(set1))
print(type(set2))
结果:
set1: set()
set2: {}
<class 'set'>
<class 'dict'>
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850 0 2022-06-06